Mstshaar Health

Often we neglect our sound health and fail to take proper care of our body. It is only when the normal functioning stops and we have to go through other methods to make up for the loss do we realize its importance. Teeth is one such important part of our body but rarely do we give it its full due. The set of sparkling white teeth that you had during your young days have given way to all sort of dental problems affecting your teeth in extremity. In such cases you need the help of dentures to go about your day to day activities in life.

Importance of Dentures

Having dentures is not a very pleasant experience and many of you might face discomfort. Some of you may start feeling conscious and avoid any kind of activity that would expose your artificial teeth to others. But with a little adjustment the dentures can bring back your confidence and the smile on your face too. Here are some important tips that you should be aware of when using your dentures

Precautionary Measures

Abstain from eating raw vegetables, any kind of sticky foods or meat which is fibrous if you have received a new set of dentures. Use your canine teeth instead of the front teeth. Do not pull the food forward. Rather push it back as you bite into it. While chewing, keep the food on either sides of your mouth to balance the dentures. Eat a proper diet as your body may lack in certain minerals and vitamins due to your hard chewing disability. Speak slowly and if required practice in front of the mirror.

Some Changes

You might experience more saliva or your dentures could come loose when sneezing or coughing. This is because your bones in the lower jaw wears away which makes your dentures ill fitting and causes you discomfort. It is a good habit to always remove your dentures before going to bed. Regular visits to your dentist will ensure that your dentures are working fine. Sometimes some people become allergic to their dentures because of the materials that are used. You should clean your dentures and oral tissues regularly.

Caring for your Dentures

You should store your dentures in water or in solutions meant for your denture cleaning with a lid before going to bed. Wash the container daily after use. You need to clean your dentures twice a day with specially designed brushes. Also brush your tissues in your mouth to remove any remnants. Some use denture adhesives to hold their dentures from slipping out. If your dentures do not fit you see your doctor immediately. Do not attempt to repair the dentures yourself.
Occasionally you might need alterations for your dentures so that they are securely fitted on to your gums for which you need to go to the dentist.

April Kerr owns website Dental Implant Advisor which has details of dental implant problems along with the types of dental implant.

Take precautions to avoid insect stings in the future. Avoid nests or hives of stinging insects. Do not wear bright clothing or perfumes that might attract bees and wasps.

Remain calm and quiet around flying insects. Move slowly. Take special care when around food or drinks outdoors, as at cookouts or picnics. Stinging insects are attracted to foods, especially sweet foods such as soft drinks. Evaluation by an allergist for desensitization injections has been shown to be of benefit. Obtain one or more epinephrine injection kits if this has been prescribed for you.

Keep the kit(s) in convenient locations and have one near you at all times. Read the instructions right away and review them often. It is important that you be able to get to the kit and use it quickly in case of a reaction.

Make sure your family members and closest friends know how to use the kit as well. Any time this device is used, you must go immediately afterward to your health care provider or to a hospital emergency department.

Prompt treatment usually avoids any short-term complications, but any delay in the treatment of a severe allergic reaction can result in rapid deterioration and death. The long-term outlook is usually good as well. Local infection at the sting site can occur but is rare. Arthritis, kidney failure, or nervous system disorders are late complications of a sting (weeks or possibly months later).

This is extremely rare. If you have joint pain or swelling, urinary problems, or unexplained numbness, tingling or burning sensation, or pain in the weeks after an insect sting, you should see your health care provider. If you develop anaphylactic shock following an insect sting, you are at an increased risk of developing anaphylaxis in the future if you are stung again. The top priority for the medical team is ensuring that your breathing and blood pressure are protected.

If you are having difficulty breathing, you may be given oxygen via a tube in your nose or by face mask. In cases of severe respiratory distress, you may be put on a mechanical ventilator. This is temporary until the effects of the reaction abate. If your blood pressure is too low, an IV line will be placed. You may be given saline solution through the IV to boost your blood pressure. You may be given medication if needed to ease your breathing and/or increase your blood pressure.

Most insect stings cause some pain and swelling in the area of the sting, called a local reaction. A severe local reaction may lead to pain and swelling that increase over the next few hours and becoming very uncomfortable. This does not constitute an anaphylactic reaction. The reaction must involve at least 2 of your body’s organ systems (such as lungs and heart) to qualify as an anaphylactic reaction.

Symptoms over the entire body are always a concern because they may signal an anaphylactic reaction. If these reactions progress, they may lead to death, sometimes within a matter of minutes. People who are allergic to bee stings or who have been stung many times may react more dramatically.

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The top priority for the medical team is ensuring that your breathing and blood pressure are protected. If you are having difficulty breathing, you may be given oxygen via a tube in your nose or by face mask.

In cases of severe respiratory distress, you may be put on a mechanical ventilator. This is temporary until the effects of the reaction abate. If your blood pressure is too low, an IV line will be placed. You may be given saline solution through the IV to boost your blood pressure.

You may be given medication if needed to ease your breathing and/or increase your blood pressure. Epinephrine is the most important treatment and may be lifesaving. Epinephrine is usually given as an injection.

H1 type antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) usually is given by mouth or injection to decrease the histamine reaction. This relieves the itching. H2 type antihistamine (H2-blocker), such as ranitidine, famotidine, or cimetidine, may be given to augment the effect of diphenhydramine.

Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol), are often given to decrease swelling and suppress the immune response. If you are given antihistamines and steroids, you may be advised to continue to take them by mouth for several days after you leave the hospital. Allergy shots (immunotherapy) may be effective in people with severe reactions to certain insect stings.

Allergy shots are given in a series over a few months. Each shot contains a little bit more of the insect venom antigen. Ideally, the person becomes desensitized to the antigen over time. Shots are effective at reducing the severity of the reaction in most people. A booster shot is required every 3-5 years to maintain immunity. These shots are available for bee and fire ant venoms.

Make sure that all of your health care providers are aware of the type of reaction you have had. If you have had a severe or all-over reaction, you should be given a prescription for an epinephrine injection kit (EpiPen) when you leave the hospital.

This is a premeasured dose of epinephrine in an easy-to-use syringe. You would inject yourself in the thigh muscle with the epinephrine at the first sign of a reaction. Someone at your medical office can show you how to use the kit. Clear instructions are also provided at the web site of the Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network.

It is recommended that you keep 2 or more of these kits at different locations and that you keep one with you at all times in case of a sting. If you have a severe or all-over reaction to an insect sting, you should see an allergy specialist (allergist). Desensitization therapy is available for some types of venom allergies.

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One or more prior severe reactions to an insect sting place you at an increased risk of severe reactions with each sting.

It is important to let the health care provider know that you have been stung and whether you have had reactions in the past. Be prepared to tell the health care provider all of the medications you have taken for the sting, both prescription and over-the-counter. Don’t forget any herbal preparations or other treatments you may have taken.

Physical examination is the most important part of the evaluation of insect stings. Your blood pressure and pulse will be checked to make sure you are not in shock.

Examination should also include the skin for swelling and hives, the lungs for wheezing, and the upper airway for possible swelling or obstruction. An ECG or chest x-ray may be helpful but is not needed in every case. Laboratory tests are usually not helpful. For most insect stings, home care is all that is necessary.

If the stinger is still lodged in the skin, as it usually is after honeybee stings, it should be removed promptly. You can do this by scraping the site with a credit card or similar device, perpendicular to the skin. A fingernail can be used. Pinching the stinger to pull it out is not advised, because this may inject more venom.

If the sting is on the hands or feet where rings or other tight-fitting jewelry is worn, these should be removed immediately before swelling develops, to avoid any compression of the blood supply to these areas.

Take an antihistamine pill, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl). This helps counteract one of the mediators of the reaction and will help control itching. Diphenhydramine is available without a prescription. Caution – this medication makes most people too drowsy to drive or operate machinery safely. It can be taken every 6 hours for the first few days, until the swelling begins to improve.

Hydrocortisone cream, available over-the-counter, can be applied to the site of the insect sting to relieve itching. A paste of baking soda or salt and water, rubbed on the skin, may provide relief.

For more severe reactions, self-treatment is not recommended. Call your health care provider or 911, depending on the severity of your symptoms. Do not attempt to drive yourself. If no one is available to drive you right away, call for an ambulance.

If you are wheezing or having difficulty breathing, use an inhaled bronchodilator such as albuterol (Proventil) or epinephrine (Primatene Mist) if one is available. These inhaled medications dilate the airway.

If you have been given an epinephrine kit, inject yourself as you have been instructed. The kit provides a premeasured dose of epinephrine, a prescription drug that rapidly reverses the most serious symptoms.

Bystanders should administer CPR to a person who becomes unconscious and stops breathing or does not have a pulse. If at all possible, you or your companion should be prepared to tell medical personnel which medications you have taken today, which you usually take, and any known allergies.

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Take all prescribed medicines as directed except for those drugs you are instructed to take only as needed. This will reduce the possibility of the hives or swelling coming back.

Contact your health care provider or return to the hospital if you have any of the following, rash or swelling returns or gets worse, difficulty with your medicines, new symptoms, sores or swelling of the mouth, tongue, or throat, fever or chills, difficulty with breathing or swallowing, and vomiting or diarrhea.

Avoid exposure to any food, medicine, or physical agent that has been identified to cause your hives or angioedema. Reducing emotional and physical stress may help. In rare cases, you may need to take antihistamines or other medicines for an extended time to prevent further hives or swelling.

Hives and angioedema may be very uncomfortable but will not cause serious harm. The hives will not leave scars. Most people do well with treatment. Hives and angioedema usually will last only a few hours to a few days. Chronic hives lasts longer than 6 weeks but is rare.

Hives is a rash of smooth, raised, pink or reddish bumps of different sizes called wheals that comes on suddenly. The wheals look something like mosquito bites. They may cover all or part of the body and are usually very itchy. Hives are usually patchy at first, but the patches may run together until the hives cover most of the body. Hives usually appear first on the covered areas of the skin such as the trunk and upper parts of the arms and legs.

The patches can be small or large. They are usually irregular in shape. Often, the patches have clearing of the redness in the center with a red halo or flare at the edges. Wheals appear in batches. Each wheal may last from a few minutes to 6 hours. As wheals disappear, new ones form. A case of hives usually lasts at most a few days.

Other, more severe allergic reactions may occur with hives or angioedema. A reaction may start with hives or angioedema and then progress rapidly to more serious symptoms. The most serious reactions, which can be life-threatening emergencies, are called anaphylactic reactions.

Angioedema is like hives, only the welts are larger and form at a deeper layer in the skin. This causes severe swelling, usually in the face, near the eyes and mouth. The swelling can also occur in the inside of the throat, which is a dangerous situation because it can close off the passage of air into the lungs.

Hives and angioedema can occur together, but they usually do not. Hives is the most common rash for which people seek emergency medical care. One of every 5 people will have hives at some time in their lives. Angioedema is less common. Hives and angioedema can happen at any age.

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Hives is a rash of smooth, raised, pink or reddish bumps of different sizes called wheals that comes on suddenly. The wheals look something like mosquito bites. They may cover all or part of the body and are usually very itchy.

Hives usually appear first on the covered areas of the skin such as the trunk and upper parts of the arms and legs. Wheals appear in batches. Each wheal may last from a few minutes to 6 hours. As wheals disappear, new ones form. A case of hives usually lasts at most a few days.

Hives are usually patchy at first, but the patches may run together until the hives cover most of the body. The patches can be small or large. They are usually irregular in shape. Often, the patches have clearing of the redness in the center with a red halo or flare at the edges. The itching is often very intense.

Angioedema is related to hives but has a different appearance. Angioedema describes marked swelling, usually around the eyes and mouth. It may also involve the throat, tongue, hands, feet, and/or genitals. The skin may appear normal, without hives or other rash. The eyes may appear swollen shut. The swellings usually do not itch, but may be painful or burning.

The swellings may not be symmetrical (the same on both sides of the body). Like hives, the swelling of angioedema can go away on its own.

Other, more severe allergic reactions may occur with hives or angioedema. A reaction may start with hives or angioedema and then progress rapidly to more serious symptoms. The most serious reactions, which can be life-threatening emergencies, are called anaphylactic reactions. The symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction include the following.

Swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, wheezing, a raspy sound when you breathe, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, tightness in the throat or chest, rapid or irregular heart beat, dizziness or faintness, and loss of consciousness. The dizziness, faintness, and loss of consciousness are caused by dangerously low blood pressure, also called shock.

Contact your health care provider if you have hives or angioedema. After hearing your symptoms, he or she may want to see you for an office visit.

If you are having any of these symptoms along with hives or angioedema, you may be having an anaphylactic reaction. Go immediately to a hospital emergency department. Difficulty with breathing or swallowing, wheezing, abdominal pain, vomiting, or diarrhea, general weakness, and feeling dizzy, light-headed, or faint

Other reasons to go to the emergency department. Your hives or swelling do not improve after 2-3 days. You continue getting new hives after 2 days. Your symptoms do not get better with the treatment recommended by your health care provider.

Do not drive yourself; if no one is available to take you right away, call 911 for emergency transport. While waiting for the ambulance to arrive, begin self-treatment.

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Several insects belonging to the class Hymenoptera are capable of injecting venom into humans and animals. These insects include honeybees, bumble bees, hornets, wasps, yellow jackets, and fire ants.

All of these insects are currently found in the United States as well as in most other land areas of the globe. Their venom, which they use to kill or paralyze other insects, is composed of proteins and other substances. It is proteins in the venom that cause allergic reactions in people.

Not everyone is allergic to stinging insect venom. In people who are not allergic, the venom causes only redness, itching, and mild pain and swelling at the site of the bite. Cleaning the area and applying ice are enough to relieve the symptoms.

Even people who are allergic to the venom usually have only mild symptoms, although the swelling may extend beyond the area right around the sting. People with allergy may have a more serious reaction, called an anaphylactic reaction. About 500 people die each year from anaphylactic reactions in the United States.

An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system of the body overreacts to an “invader” such as insect venom (the allergen). This overreaction is sometimes referred to as a hypersensitivity reaction. The white blood cells produce an antibody to the protein in the venom.

The allergic reaction occurs when the antibody, known as immunoglobulin E, or IgE, comes in contact with the protein, either at the first sting or later. IgE promotes release from certain cells of chemicals and hormones called “mediators.” Histamine is an example of a mediator.

It is the effects of these mediators on organs and other cells that cause the symptoms of the allergic reaction. Ants, bees, and wasps have a stinger or venom sac and gland on their tail that they use to inject venom. Several stings may occur, particularly if you accidentally disturb a hive or nest.

This is particularly true with fire ants and so-called Africanized bees. Africanized bees are the result of breeding of domesticated and wild honeybees in Africa that resulted in a very aggressive honeybee. The venom of these bees is no more potent than that of normal honeybees, but their aggressive nature increases the likelihood that they will swarm and sting you many times, sometimes hundreds of times.

Such a large number of stings may result in serious reactions or death, even if you are not allergic to bee venom. If you are allergic to the venom, then you may have an allergic reaction from even a single sting. This is called an anaphylactic reaction. It can be dangerous, even life threatening.

An anaphylactic reaction does not usually occur on the first sting. The immune system makes the antibody at the first sting and stores it on special cells until the next sting. This is called sensitization. At the first sting, therefore, the body does not have antibodies specific to the venom.

Only on a second or later sting can the body mount a major defense against the venom. This is when a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction may occur. Anaphylactic reactions are rare, and do not happen to every person who is stung by an insect. When an anaphylactic reaction seems to occur on the very first sting, probably the person was stung before without realizing it.

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Most insect stings cause some pain and swelling in the area of the sting, called a local reaction. People who are allergic to bee stings or who have been stung many times may react more dramatically.

A severe local reaction may lead to pain and swelling that increase over the next few hours and becoming very uncomfortable. This does not constitute an anaphylactic reaction. The reaction must involve at least 2 of your body’s organ systems (such as lungs and heart) to qualify as an anaphylactic reaction.

Although most local reactions are not serious, if they are near the face or neck, swelling can quickly block the airway and cause serious problems. Fire ant stings cause a reaction in almost everyone. Itchy hives usually form at the site immediately and recede within an hour.

A small blister forms at each site within 4 hours. Within 8-24 hours, a small sore with pus forms at each sting site. The area around the sores may feel burning and itchy. The pus does not mean the sore is infected.

The sores rupture within 72 hours. The itching, pain, and redness may last for several days but should improve gradually. Worsening redness, pain, swelling, and warmth may signal an infection at the site. If this occurs, see your health care provider right away.

Symptoms over the entire body are always a concern because they may signal an anaphylactic reaction. If these reactions progress, they may lead to death, sometimes within a matter of minutes. These reactions may include the following. Hives (swollen bumps on the skin) and significant swelling over major body parts – face, head, neck, arms/hands, legs/feet

Difficulty breathing, wheezing, or the feeling that the throat is closing, dizziness or fainting, chest pain or racing heartbeat, and nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. The dizziness and fainting are due to a dangerously low blood pressure. This condition is known as shock, and anaphylaxis is often called anaphylactic shock.

Mild localized itching, swelling, or discomfort requires a call your health care provider for advice. Worsening of local symptoms over a few days may be evidence of infection at the sting site. Pain, increased swelling and redness, and warmth suggest an infection. Call your health care provider for an appointment the same day.

If you had a reaction in the past, even if you used an epinephrine injection kit for this sting, go immediately to your medical office or hospital emergency department, whichever is closer. Even if you have treated yourself, you still need to be evaluated to make sure that your symptoms are resolving and are not recurring.

Hives or rash or swelling all over your body, difficulty breathing or swallowing, or dizziness or fainting suggest an anaphylactic reaction and require immediate medical attention. If you have these severe symptoms or symptoms over your entire body, you should go to a hospital emergency department.

Do not drive yourself to the hospital. If no one is available to drive you right away, call 911 for emergency medical transport. If you are able, tell the dispatcher that you are having a reaction to a sting. While waiting for the ambulance, take self-treatment measures.

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Your health care provider will examine you and ask questions about how the hives or angioedema started. Tell him or her about the following. Any medicines (prescription and nonprescription) you have been taking even if you stopped them in the past few days. Any dietary supplement or herbs you take, even if only sometimes, and the last time you took them.

Any new or unusual foods, soaps, detergents, and cosmetics. Any allergies that you know about. Any recent illnesses you have had such as sore throat, cough, runny nose, vomiting, or diarrhea. Any chronic illnesses such as diabetes, liver disease, or kidney disease. If there is the possibility you are pregnant.

If your health care provider cannot tell what triggered your hives or angioedema, he or she may recommend that you see an allergy specialist (allergist). Even using special skin tests, however, it may not be possible to identify the trigger.

Stop any food or medicine identified as the cause of the hives or angioedema. In very mild cases, no treatment at all may be required. If symptoms are making you uncomfortable, take a nonprescription antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), by mouth, per the package instructions or as directed by your health care provider, until symptoms subside. These can be effective for mild episodes. Antihistamines may make you too drowsy to drive or operate machinery safely.

Cool compresses or baths may help with the discomfort. Avoid hot baths or showers. Avoid direct sunlight. Wear light, loose-fitting clothing. Avoid strenuous activity or anything that might cause sweating. Try to relax and reduce stress.

Severe reactions do not attempt to treat severe reactions or to wait it out at home. Go immediately to the nearest emergency department or call an ambulance. Here are some things you can do while waiting for the ambulance:

Try to stay calm. If you can identify the cause of the reaction, prevent further exposure. Take an antihistamine, such as 1-2 tablets or capsules of diphenhydramine (Benadryl), if you can swallow without difficulty. The liquid form of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) can also be used at 2-4 teaspoons (10-20 mL) per dose.

If you are wheezing or having difficulty breathing, use an inhaled bronchodilator, such as albuterol (Proventil), if one is available. These inhaled medications dilate the airway.

If you are feeling light-headed or faint, lie down and raise your legs higher than your head to help blood flow to your brain. If you have been given an epinephrine kit, inject yourself as you have been instructed. The kit provides a premeasured dose of epinephrine, a prescription drug that rapidly reverses the most serious symptoms.

Bystanders should administer CPR to a person who becomes unconscious and stops breathing or does not have a pulse. If at all possible, you or your companion should be prepared to tell medical personnel what medications you take and your allergy history.

The treatment of hives depends on the severity of the symptoms. For mild to moderately severe localized symptoms, a nonprescription antihistamine by mouth is usually adequate, along with skin care measures for comfort. For more severe cases, an injection or short course of a corticosteroid may be needed to rapidly reduce swelling and itching.

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Short-acting type H1 antihistamines these medications, including diphenhydramine (Benadryl), are the primary treatment of mild cases of hives and angioedema. These are available without a prescription and are inexpensive. However, they must be taken every 6-12 hours and cause sleepiness, which can interfere with normal activity.

Long-acting H1 antihistamines these may also be used for mild cases of hives and angioedema. These drugs, which include fexofenadine (Allegra) and cetirizine (Zyrtec), are available by prescription. They are more expensive than nonprescription antihistamines but need to be taken only every 12-24 hours and usually do not cause disruptive sleepiness. The long-acting and nonsedating H1 antihistamine loratadine (Claritin) is now available without a prescription and one 10 mg tablet per day may be an alternative for some patients.

Type H2 antihistamines these drugs such as ranitidine (Zantac), cimetidine (Tagamet), and famotidine (Pepcid) have also been found to improve the rash and swelling when given with the type H1 antihistamines. Type H2 antihistamines were developed to treat ulcers. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved treating hives or angioedema with these drugs, but most physicians feel this is an appropriate use.

Corticosteroids, these drugs suppress the allergic response of the immune system. They may be given by injection or by mouth. Examples are prednisone (Deltasone), methylprednisolone (Medrol), and dexamethasone (Decadron). They reduce the chance of the rash coming back. They also relieve symptoms, such as swelling and inflammation, but may take a few hours to work. For severe situations, corticosteroids may be given by an injection or infused through an IV line.

H1- and H2-blocking drugs hives that do not respond to type H1 and H2 antihistamines may be treated with another type of drug. An example is doxepin (Sinequan). These drugs are intended as antidepressants, but they also have strong antihistamine effects, blocking both H1 and H2 histamine reactions. They can be very sedating. The FDA has not approved treating hives with these drugs, but most physicians feel this is an appropriate use.

Severe hives and most cases of angioedema may require more intense treatment. Epinephrine is a prescription drug, usually injected or given through an IV line, that rapidly reverses the most severe allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock. IV fluids, usually saline solution, are given to increase blood pressure.

Oxygen may be given through a tube in the nose or via face mask in case of breathing trouble. Other medications may be given as needed to reverse symptoms or raise blood pressure. People who have angioedema usually need hospitalization as the recurrence risk is high, even with improvement after the initial treatment. Some cases of severe hives may also require hospitalization.

The treatment of hives depends on the severity of the symptoms. For mild to moderately severe localized symptoms, a nonprescription antihistamine by mouth is usually adequate, along with skin care measures for comfort. For more severe cases, an injection or short course of a corticosteroid may be needed to rapidly reduce swelling and itching.

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